How to remove vinyl flooring - You will either need to use acetone (nail polish remover) or a special adhesive remover to remove dried glue from vinyl. If you do use a special product, ensure you follow the instructions for a good outcome. If using acetone, start by applying a small amount to your microfibre cloth and rubbing it into the glue.

 
 Easy way to remove vinyl flooring from concrete. Easy way to remove vinyl flooring from concrete. . Low moisture mozzarella

Vinyl flooring installation costs $2,300 on average. This affordable option is loved by homeowners for its durability and easy maintenance. Vinyl installation is also simpler compared to most ...Spread a thin layer of baking soda over the rust stain. Baking soda is rough in texture. It can work as an abrasive in the scrubbing process. Wet your rag with vinegar and rub over the stained surface. Rinse with water and repeat until the stain has faded away. Make one final rinse and wipe with clean water.Jan 25, 2024 · Turn the heat gun to low, allowing it to reach full temperature. Move the heat around the floor in small sections and between the underlayment and the tiles. Pull each section back to remove the tiles. A hair dryer may also work if you can’t access a heat gun. Put the hair dryer on high heat. Dec 7, 2022 · Here’s how: First, sweep your floor to remove any dirt or debris. Next, mix together a solution of vinegar and water. Then, using a sponge or cloth, apply the solution to the floor and scrub away the glue. Rinse the floor with clean water to remove the vinegar solution. Finally, dry the floor completely. 1 How to Remove Vinyl Flooring Without Damaging It. 1.1 Remove Any Quarter-Round Trim. 1.2 Remove the Baseboards. 1.3 Remove the Center Flooring Section. 1.4 Roll up the Flooring. 1.5 Scrape Up Glued-Down Flooring. 1.6 Use a Five-In-One Tool. 2 Conclusion. Vinyl flooring installation costs $2,300 on average. This affordable option is loved by homeowners for its durability and easy maintenance. Vinyl installation is also simpler compared to most ...5 Jun 2017 ... Visit our website at http://www.mydiygenius.com. Need to replace one of your Click-Lock Planks? There's no need to worry - replacing a plank ...Learn how to remove vinyl flooring so you can install new flooring that suits your style. If your floor has no asbestos in it, you can remove it by yourself....Mar 2, 2017 · Generally the cost to remove a vinyl or linoleum floor will fall between the cost of repairing a vinyl floor and installing a brand new one. According to data from Homeadvisor.com, this would put the cost around $1000 for removal. As always, be sure to get multiple quotes as prices can vary depending on locale and materials. So I would suggest getting as much of the old adhesive as you can to get a fairly smooth surface. Though you can use paint remover to lift the glue, warming it ...Cut away at the caulking on the vinyl flooring with a razor blade or utility knife. Put on some rubber gloves. The caulking remover can sting or irritate the skin on your hands if you do not protect them properly. Apply the caulk remover onto the caulk and allow it to sit for up to four hours. You can purchase caulk remover at most home ...Here’s how: First, sweep your floor to remove any dirt or debris. Next, mix together a solution of vinegar and water. Then, using a sponge or cloth, apply the solution to the floor and scrub away the glue. Rinse the floor with clean water to remove the vinegar solution. Finally, dry the floor completely.For more stubborn stains, make a paste of baking soda and water and apply it to the stain. Let it sit for a few minutes before scrubbing with a soft-bristled ...Trim the short tongue edge from the first vinyl plank. Lay the first plank appropriately spaced from the wall. Install the second plank by holding it at an angle and inserting its tongue edge into the first plank’s groove edge. Lower … When it comes to removing glue down vinyl flooring, having the right materials is crucial for a smooth and effective process. Here are the materials you’ll need: Scraper: A heavy-duty scraper such as a floor scraper or hand scraper is important for removing the vinyl flooring. You can also use a putty knife or a razor scraper for smaller areas. Learn how to remove vinyl flooring from your home with this guide from The Home Depot. Find out the safety precautions, tools …How To Remove Vinyl or Linoleum Floors. Easily Remove Flooring & Glue with Tips & Tricks to Make the Job go Smoothly. TOOLS & SUPPLIES Pry Bar Scraper- …3 days ago · 2 Scrape the paper backing off the floor. Vinyl is usually backed with paper. This paper will probably stay stuck to the floor. Use your scraper to lift the paper off being careful not to scratch or gouge the floor underneath. If the scraper isn't that effective on it's own, put on a face mask and start using your heat gun to melt the glue that ... 1. Get a mild detergent, warm the water, and clean the floor with a damp mop to remove dirt and debris. 2. Make a paste of baking soda and water and spread it on any yellowed areas; let it sit for 30 minutes. 3. Wipe away the paste with a clean cloth, rinse with clean water, and dry with a fresh cloth. 4. Apply some vinyl floor cleaner to the ... Easy way to remove vinyl flooring from concrete. Easy way to remove vinyl flooring from concrete. Start in the middle of the room. With a putty knife, peel up a corner of a tile, or with a utility knife, cut into the vinyl to begin removal of the flooring. Either lift vinyl with a floor scraper or cut manageable pieces to remove as much vinyl flooring as possible. For stubborn vinyl and glue that is stuck to the floor, use a heat gun to ...The foremost step in removing the vinyl flooring is to clear the area. Take out all the furniture from the room so that you have unrestricted access to the area. 3. Remove the baseboards: Edges of the flooring are usually covered by baseboards hence to remove the vinyl flooring you will need to take away the baseboards. 4.This video will show you how to remove linoleum or vinyl flooring from a wooden floor using an oscillating multi-tool.Paper towels or rags. Stiff brush. Step 1: Remove as much of the residual tape adhesive with your tiny flathead screwdriver by putting it under one edge of the residue and prying it up gently. Step 2: Spray cleaner/degreaser onto cloth or paper towel and wipe clean. Repeat until the entire surface has been cleaned.In a spray bottle, combine 1 cup vinegar, 1 cup hot water, and 2 to 3 drops of dish soap. Wet and thoroughly wring out your microfiber flat mop pad with fresh warm water. Working in 3-foot-square sections, spray the floor with a light, even mist of the cleaning solution, and mop immediately with the damp head. To remove glue from your luxury vinyl flooring you’ll need: A clean cloth. Clean water. Suitable cleaning products such as the Cleanse and Scrub solutions from the Harvey Maria FloorSpa kit, or a similar product that doesn’t contain bleach or ammonia. Coarse scrub pad also found in the kit. 1 Apr 2020 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Scrub the stain gently with a clean cloth. Make sure to be thorough, but gentle. Rinse the area with warm water and a mild detergent. Wipe the surface with a damp cloth to remove any residue. By following these simple steps, you can effectively remove hair dye from your vinyl flooring without causing any damage.Vinyl Floor Stain Removal. Bleach - Bleach does the job for liquid stains such as fruit juice, tomato juice, and wine. Combine one part bleach and two parts of water. Drench a rag in the solvent and lay the towel over the stain, allowing it to absorb for as long as it is required. Oxalic Acid - Use oxalic acid, which may also be branded as ...214K subscribers. Subscribed. 2.3K. 105K views 2 years ago Where do I start installing Laminate Flooring or Vinyl Plank Flooring. I will show how to remove vinyl …Step 1: Clear the Room. Before you begin pulling up your vinyl sheets, planks, or tiles, you must clear the room. Remove all furniture and moveable items to create a clear workspace. Take your broom and sweep the floors to remove any dirt or debris. Shop Brooms & Sweepers.Trim the short tongue edge from the first vinyl plank. Lay the first plank appropriately spaced from the wall. Install the second plank by holding it at an angle and inserting its tongue edge into the first plank’s groove edge. Lower …Nov 25, 2023 · Damp a clean rag with rubbing alcohol, mineral spirits, or acetone. Use the dampened rag to wipe the dried paint. Wait around 10 minutes. Scrape the paint coating with a plastic scraper. Re-apply rubbing alcohol over the leftover paint. Clean the rubbing alcohol residue from the floor. To remove glue from your luxury vinyl flooring you’ll need: A clean cloth. Clean water. Suitable cleaning products such as the Cleanse and Scrub solutions from the Harvey Maria FloorSpa kit, or a similar product that doesn’t contain bleach or ammonia. Coarse scrub pad also found in the kit. Nov 4, 2021 · 3). Use a floor scraper, pry bar, or other similar equipment to remove tough vinyl portions and glue from the flooring surface. Remove Vinyl Flooring from a Plywood Subfloor. The most effective method is to cut into both the vinyl and the subfloor with a saw blade at the same time, as seen below. You can put your faith in us. Jan 5, 2023 · Step 1: Clear the Room. Before you begin pulling up your vinyl sheets, planks, or tiles, you must clear the room. Remove all furniture and moveable items to create a clear workspace. Take your broom and sweep the floors to remove any dirt or debris. Shop Brooms & Sweepers. Dec 7, 2022 · Here’s how: First, sweep your floor to remove any dirt or debris. Next, mix together a solution of vinegar and water. Then, using a sponge or cloth, apply the solution to the floor and scrub away the glue. Rinse the floor with clean water to remove the vinegar solution. Finally, dry the floor completely. Trim the short tongue edge from the first vinyl plank. Lay the first plank appropriately spaced from the wall. Install the second plank by holding it at an angle and inserting its tongue edge into the first plank’s groove edge. Lower …Cut away at the caulking on the vinyl flooring with a razor blade or utility knife. Put on some rubber gloves. The caulking remover can sting or irritate the skin on your hands if you do not protect them properly. Apply the caulk remover onto the caulk and allow it to sit for up to four hours. You can purchase caulk remover at most home ...Step 2: Removal. Once prepped and your safety gear on, cut the vinyl flooring into the manageable sections with a utility knife, and remove the pieces by pealing from the edges and using a flat scraper to lift the vinyl. Continue to wet the flooring as you scrape and pull to minimize dust.Apple cider vinegar is considered safe to use on clean vinyl plank flooring. Use a mixture of 1 cup of vinegar to 1 gallon of warm water. This mixture is an effective weapon against grease. The only downside is the smell of vinegar. However, adding of few drops of essential oils can improve the smell.Additional Tips for Removing Unwanted Vinyl Flooring Smell. Sprinkle baking soda on the floor and let sit overnight. Then clean it up with soap water in the morning. Baking soda is a great way to absorb fumes from the floor. Do this two or three times a week. Put vinegar in small bowls and place it in different areas of the room when the odor is the strongest.14 Dec 2023 ... To start the actual removal, use a utility knife to cut the vinyl into manageable strips or sections. Pry up a corner of the vinyl and slowly ...Step #1: Dry-Mop or Vacuum Your Floor to Remove Surface Dirt. When cleaning vinyl plank flooring, you always want to start with a dry clean. Remove all furniture in your room first for a thorough cleaning and then dry mop or vacuum the floor, removing any dirt and debris that can scratch or dull your vinyl.14 Jun 2022 ... 2K Likes, 26 Comments. TikTok video from Weekend DIY (@weekenddiy): “Removing vinyl floor. #flooring #houseremodel #houserenovation ...WD-40. One effective method for removing yellow stains from vinyl flooring is using WD-40. WD-40 is a versatile product that can be used to remove a variety of stains, including crayon marks, grease, and scuff marks. To use WD-40 on vinyl flooring stains, simply spray it onto the stain and let it sit for a few minutes.Use a cloth or brush to scrub the affected area, and then rinse it with warm water. Next, use a putty knife to loosen the vinyl flooring glue from the tile. Carefully scrape away any excess glue on the surface of the tile. After the glue is removed, use an all-purpose cleaner to clean the tile.Paper towels or rags. Stiff brush. Step 1: Remove as much of the residual tape adhesive with your tiny flathead screwdriver by putting it under one edge of the residue and prying it up gently. Step 2: Spray cleaner/degreaser onto cloth or paper towel and wipe clean. Repeat until the entire surface has been cleaned.6) Remove Vinyl Tile With Stripper or Heat Gun. Rent a stripper with PVC tiles or carpets then remove the PVC Floor, having previously cut it into a straight strip the width of the machine, using a cutter. Then scrape the floor (concrete or tiling) using a spatula or scraper. Or use a heat gun and then a stripping knife, a sort of square ...27 Apr 2023 ... Share your videos with friends, family, and the world.Oct 9, 2021 · Check to see if the underlayment is screwed into the subfloor. If it is, remove the vinyl flooring first (follow the same steps as above) and then remove the screws before removing the subfloor. Once all fasteners are detached, cut the floor with a wood saw in 2- to 3-foot sections for easy removal and disposal. Vacuum or dry mop your vinyl floors before you give them a wet cleaning. This keeps abrasive dirt and dust to a minimum and prevents surface scratches and hard-to-remove buildup. Mix up a bucket of soapy water and fill another bucket with clean water for rinsing, then grab some microfiber cloths and your mop.Vinyl floors are a popular choice for many homeowners due to their durability, affordability, and easy maintenance. However, cleaning vinyl floors requires some specific care to en... Step 4: Heat the Leftover Adhesive. Heating will help soften the hard adhesive and make it much easier to remove. To start, turn your heat gun on low and wait until it sufficiently heats up. Then, hold it over the adhesive, about three and a half inches away from the floor. Do not let the heat gun touch the adhesive. Feb 6, 2022 · To remove sticky glue from a vinyl floor, you can use a microfiber towel and some elbow grease. Wipe the glue with the microfiber towel and it should pearl and lift from the floor. You may also need to use a small amount of acetone. Apply it to the floor with a cloth rather than pouring it on the floor to avoid oversaturation. Insert the knife into the incision and slowly cut the adhesive below so the vinyl sheet separates from the floor. Peel the strip as you do so, and repeat until ...How to Remove Vinyl Flooring - Twenty & Oak. Time to install new flooring? Check out our expert tips on how to remove vinyl flooring properly and safely during your renovation.Start in the middle of the room. With a putty knife, peel up a corner of a tile, or with a utility knife, cut into the vinyl to begin removal of the flooring. Either lift vinyl with a floor scraper or cut manageable pieces to remove as much vinyl flooring as possible. For stubborn vinyl and glue that is stuck to the floor, use a heat gun to ...Turn the heat gun to low, allowing it to reach full temperature. Move the heat around the floor in small sections and between the underlayment and the tiles. Pull each section back to remove the tiles. A hair dryer may also work if you can’t access a heat gun. Put the hair dryer on high heat.Remove the scuffs with a microfiber cloth. All you need to do is slightly dampen a microfiber cloth with water and then buff away the scuff. Mop the floor. Whether you use a commercial cleaner or prefer to make your own, mopping with a microfiber mop is the final step and will have your vinyl floors sparkling.Step 4: Use a Grout Saw. Use a grout saw to carefully cut out any vinyl tiles that are firmly attached to the concrete slab beneath them. Be sure to wear protective gloves and goggles for safety before you begin. Preferably, this is done with an electric grout saw as it’s much safer than using a hand-held manual one.Step 3: Mop The Floor. People might ask how to clean drywall dust off floors. Now, fill a bucket with lukewarm water (not hot water) and dip the mop into it. You have to use a mop that can reach every corner and tight spaces of the room. Here the best mop for drywall dust O-Cedar EasyWring Microfiber Spin Mop works great for you.25 Aug 2023 ... First, try to use a prybar and scraper tool. Since concrete flooring is tough, you can also try a commercial adhesive stripper or acetone to ...To deep clean your vinyl floor, mix a gallon of water with a cup of apple cider vinegar. If you don’t have apple cider vinegar, white vinegar is a fine substitute. Add a drop of dish soap to the mixture for extra cleaning power. Ideally, you’ll fill a second bucket with clean, hot water to rinse the dirt off your mop as you work (rather ...Step 5: Remove Glued-Down Flooring with a Pry Bar. Once you encounter resistance from the glue, use the tip of the flat pry bar to chisel under the vinyl to separate it from the underlayment. For stubborn glue, you need to use a 5-in-1 tool, forcing the end of a freshly sharpened 5-in-1 tool between the vinyl and subfloor.28 Jan 2010 ... Use the heat gun to heat up the adhesive and it should become soft. Then you can scrape it up with the scraper. After that, you may need to wipe ...14 May 2021 ... How to remove layers of vinyl flooring to make room for new appliances · Do you have layers of flooring you need to remove? · A circular saw is ....Jan 5, 2023 · Step 1: Clear the Room. Before you begin pulling up your vinyl sheets, planks, or tiles, you must clear the room. Remove all furniture and moveable items to create a clear workspace. Take your broom and sweep the floors to remove any dirt or debris. Shop Brooms & Sweepers. Step 3: Create a Cleaning Solution. Mix warm water with a few drops of mild dish soap to create a gentle cleaning solution. Soak a clean cloth in the solution, wring it out well, and then gently scrub the paint-stained area. Avoid using harsh chemicals or abrasive scrubbers that could harm the vinyl.Remove the linoleum or vinyl and glue with a wide putty knife, utility knife, brick chisel, paint scraper, hammer or a bully flooring scraper. First, you can cut the old flooring into parallel strips about 6 inches wide using a utility knife. You can use a hammer to tap a stiff putty knife or brick chisel under the linoleum to break it loose.Dec 7, 2022 · Here’s how: First, sweep your floor to remove any dirt or debris. Next, mix together a solution of vinegar and water. Then, using a sponge or cloth, apply the solution to the floor and scrub away the glue. Rinse the floor with clean water to remove the vinegar solution. Finally, dry the floor completely. Make sure your sheet vinyl floor actually has asbestos backing. Not all sheet vinyl floors do. Take a floor sample and have it ana- lyzed. Cost is minimal.Step 1: Get Rid of Excess Paint. Just like with water-based paint stains, the first thing you need to do to remove oil-based paint is wiping up the excess with a clean, soft cloth. Simply dip the cloth in clean water, then use it to scoop up and wipe the paint. Do this until no more paint can be removed with the clothing.To use baking soda to remove scuff marks from vinyl flooring, you're going to want to create a paste. In a small bowl or container, mix three parts baking soda with one part water. If you only have one scuff mark to tackle, you can make a small batch by mixing three tablespoons of baking soda with one tablespoon of water. ...Step #1: Dry-Mop or Vacuum Your Floor to Remove Surface Dirt. When cleaning vinyl plank flooring, you always want to start with a dry clean. Remove all furniture in your room first for a thorough cleaning and then dry mop or vacuum the floor, removing any dirt and debris that can scratch or dull your vinyl. Step 3: Cut Out the Center of the Flooring. In most cases, vinyl and linoleum are only glued down along the perimeter of the room. This makes the majority of your removal pretty simple. Measure 10 inches from the wall and cut through the vinyl or linoleum with your utility knife, moving parallel to the wall around the perimeter of the room. After completing a section, use a dry mop or dry microfiber cloth to dry the space in the same pattern. This will work better than paper towels. Repeat until the entire …Feb 6, 2022 · To remove sticky glue from a vinyl floor, you can use a microfiber towel and some elbow grease. Wipe the glue with the microfiber towel and it should pearl and lift from the floor. You may also need to use a small amount of acetone. Apply it to the floor with a cloth rather than pouring it on the floor to avoid oversaturation. Gather the proper tools: You’ll need a scraper, a spray bottle and a floor stripper or an acetone-based nail polish remover to help loosen the excess glue. Spray the floor: Put the cleaning ...Step-By-Step Instructions. Step 1: Clean Up. To start, you need to take out any furniture and remove baseboards or other trim from the edges of the floor. Do this carefully if you plan to keep the …Pour Hot Water over the Vinyl Tile. If you've made your cuts and still can't pull up the tile, a little hot water may do the trick. Carefully pour a small amount of boiling water over the entire tile, including the …Method 3: Sanding. For a DIY method, sanding can do the trick. Use a floor sander with heavy-grit sandpaper to remove the vinyl flooring glue from the concrete floor. Sandpaper is usually designed to take away the …Learn how to remove vinyl flooring with a minimum of frustration and tedium. Follow the steps to cut, remove, and clean up the material, or use a power scraper fo…A ride on floor scraper is a heavy duty piece of machinery that comes with attachments for all sorts of scraping, lifting and busting work. Large areas of vinyl can be lifted with the blades, and it is also fume free and quiet for ease of use. Another option is a self-propelled floor stripper. This 240 Volt piece of equipment allows you to walk ...A ride on floor scraper is a heavy duty piece of machinery that comes with attachments for all sorts of scraping, lifting and busting work. Large areas of vinyl can be lifted with the blades, and it is also fume free and quiet for ease of use. Another option is a self-propelled floor stripper. This 240 Volt piece of equipment allows you to walk ...I just slid a butter knife in and carefully lifted the tile up until I could grab it with my hands and slowly pull it up until it was completely removed.

Step 2: Cut Vinyl. Next, find a spot on the floor free of glue. Start removing vinyl flooring now by cutting it into 12-inch strips with a utility knife. Gently lift each one. Use a scraper tool to loosen stubborn glue strips. If the glue is tough, a hammer and flat chisel can be used for rough scraping.. Looter shooters

how to remove vinyl flooring

1. Clear the area and locate all the paint splatter or spill. Pour or spray a little rubbing alcohol on it and let it sit for 10 minutes. 2. Once the 10 minutes are up, use an Mr clean magic eraser and scrub the area with it until it is clean. Repeat the cleaning process if the paint is still on the floor.Jul 24, 2023 · To create the solution, simply combine dish soap and warm water in a bucket. This mixture can help to dissolve the paint and make it easier to wipe away without causing any damage to the vinyl flooring. To use the soap and water solution, soak a sponge in the mixture and then scrub the paint stain on the vinyl floor. Feb 27, 2024 · To remove glued vinyl flooring easily, start by heating the adhesive with a heat gun or hairdryer. Then, use a putty knife or scraper to gently lift the vinyl off the floor. If the adhesive is stubborn, apply a adhesive remover and let it sit for a few minutes before scraping. Feb 11, 2024 · Step 2: Prepare The Work Area. Step 3: Apply Heat To The Vinyl Floor Tile. Step 4: Remove The Loosened Tile. Method 2: Using A Floor Scraper. Step 1: Gather The Necessary Tools And Materials. Step 2: Prepare The Work Area. Step 3: Score The Vinyl Floor Tile. Step 4: Use A Floor Scraper To Remove The Tile. Nov 25, 2023 · Damp a clean rag with rubbing alcohol, mineral spirits, or acetone. Use the dampened rag to wipe the dried paint. Wait around 10 minutes. Scrape the paint coating with a plastic scraper. Re-apply rubbing alcohol over the leftover paint. Clean the rubbing alcohol residue from the floor. 1. Put on your gloves. This will protect the skin from irritation caused by acetone or glue. If you are not removing glue in a well-ventilated area, then it is also a good idea to wear a protective face covering or mask. 2. Put the acetone into the squirt bottle to make it easier to apply it directly to the glue. In January 2024 the cost to Remove Flooring starts at $1.75 - $3.46 per square foot*. Use our Cost Calculator for cost estimate examples customized to the location, size and options of your project. To estimate costs for your project: 1. Set Project Zip Code Enter the Zip Code for the location where labor is hired and materials purchased.Vinyl flooring installation costs $2,300 on average. This affordable option is loved by homeowners for its durability and easy maintenance. Vinyl installation is also simpler compared to most ...Jan 23, 2006 · Step 2: Removal. Once prepped and your safety gear on, cut the vinyl flooring into the manageable sections with a utility knife, and remove the pieces by pealing from the edges and using a flat scraper to lift the vinyl. Continue to wet the flooring as you scrape and pull to minimize dust. If you’re wondering how to clean vinyl flooring, you’ve come to the right place. Cleaning vinyl floors is simple with a few common household items. See our C...Mar 2, 2021 · Unfortunately, it is almost impossible to remove glue down vinyl plank flooring without damaging the vinyl itself. The glue is so strong that it takes quite a bit of pulling, tugging, cutting, and scraping to remove it from the subfloor. This typically causes the vinyl to peel, rip, or tear and is left in a state that it can no longer be reused. Take a bowl and add 10 parts water to 1 part liquid. Make a solution and keep the quantity depending on the stained area. Once the solution is ready, apply it to the stained part properly and start rubbing with a Nylon brush. You do not need to cover the entire flooring with the solution.Cut away at the caulking on the vinyl flooring with a razor blade or utility knife. Put on some rubber gloves. The caulking remover can sting or irritate the skin on your hands if you do not protect them properly. Apply the caulk remover onto the caulk and allow it to sit for up to four hours. You can purchase caulk remover at most home ...14 Dec 2023 ... To start the actual removal, use a utility knife to cut the vinyl into manageable strips or sections. Pry up a corner of the vinyl and slowly ...For more stubborn stains, make a paste of baking soda and water and apply it to the stain. Let it sit for a few minutes before scrubbing with a soft-bristled ... Easy way to remove vinyl flooring from concrete. Easy way to remove vinyl flooring from concrete. Create a mixture of warm water and soap in a bucket. Pour the mixture over the hardened glue and let it sit until the glue softens and becomes easier to remove. Use a heat gun or a hairdryer to soften ….

Popular Topics